1. On general position sets in Cartesian productsSandi Klavžar, Balázs Patkós, Gregor Rus, Ismael G. Yero, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: The general position number gp(G) of a connected graph G is the cardinality of a largest set S of vertices such that no three distinct vertices from S lie on a common geodesic; such sets are refereed to as gp-sets of G. The general position number of cylinders Pr ◻ Cs is deduced. It is proved that (Cr ◻ Cs)∈{6,7} whenever r ≥ s ≥ 3, s ≠ 4, and r ≥ 6. A probabilistic lower bound on the general position number of Cartesian graph powers is achieved. Along the way a formula for the number of gp-sets in Pr ◻ Ps, where r,s ≥ 2, is also determined.
Keywords: general position problem, Cartesian product of graphs, paths and cycles, probabilistic constructions, exact enumeration
Published in DKUM: 27.08.2024; Views: 39; Downloads: 7
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2. On metric dimensions of hypercubesAleksander Kelenc, Aoden Teo Masa Toshi, Riste Škrekovski, Ismael G. Yero, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: In this note we show two unexpected results concerning the metric, the edge metric and the mixed metric dimensions of hypercube graphs. First, we show that the metric and the edge metric dimensions of ▫$Q_d$▫ differ by at most one for every integer ▫$d$▫. In particular, if ▫$d$▫ is odd, then the metric and the edge metric dimensions of ▫$Q_d$▫ are equal. Second, we prove that the metric and the mixed metric dimensions of the hypercube ▫$Q_d$▫ are equal for every ▫$d \ge 3$▫. We conclude the paper by conjecturing that all these three types of metric dimensions of ▫$Q_d$▫ are equal when d is large enough.
Keywords: edge metric dimension, mixed metric dimension, metric dimension, hypercubes
Published in DKUM: 21.05.2024; Views: 123; Downloads: 13
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3. Incidence dimension and 2-packing number in graphsDragana Božović, Aleksander Kelenc, Iztok Peterin, Ismael G. Yero, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: Let ▫$G=(V,E)$▫ be a graph. A set of vertices ▫$A$▫ is an incidence generator for ▫$G$▫ if for any two distinct edges ▫$e,f \in E(G)$▫ there exists a vertex from ▫$A$▫ which is an endpoint of either ▫$e$▫ or ▫$f$▫. The smallest cardinality of an incidence generator for ▫$G$▫ is called the incidence dimension and is denoted by ▫$\dim_I(G)$▫. A set of vertices ▫$P \subseteq V(G)$▫ is a 2-packing of ▫$G$▫ if the distance in ▫$G$▫ between any pair of distinct vertices from ▫$P$▫ is larger than two. The largest cardinality of a 2-packing of ▫$G$▫ is the packing number of ▫$G$▫ and is denoted by ▫$\rho(G)$▫. In this article, the incidence dimension is introduced and studied. The given results show a close relationship between ▫$\dim_I(G)$▫ and ▫$\rho(G)$▫. We first note that the complement of any 2-packing in graph ▫$G$▫ is an incidence generator for ▫$G$▫, and further show that either ▫$\dim_I(G)=|V(G)|-\rho(G)$▫ or ▫$\dim_I(G)=|V(G)-|\rho(G)-1$▫ for any graph ▫$G$▫. In addition, we present some bounds for ▫$\dim_I(G)$▫ and prove that the problem of determining the incidence dimension of a graph is NP-hard.
Keywords: incidence dimension, incidence generator, 2-packing
Published in DKUM: 18.08.2023; Views: 317; Downloads: 41
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4. Distance-based Invariants and Measures in GraphsAleksander Kelenc, 2019, doctoral dissertation Abstract: This doctoral dissertation is concerned with aspects on distance related topics in graphs. We study three main topics, namely a recently introduced measure called the Hausdorff distance of graphs and two new graph invariants - the edge metric dimension and the mixed metric dimension of graphs. All three topics are part of the metric graph theory since they are tightly connected with the basic concept of distance between two vertices of a graph.
The Hausdorff distance is a relatively new measure of the similarity of graphs.
The notion of the Hausdorff distance considers a special kind of common subgraph of the compared graphs and depends on the structural properties outside of the common subgraph. We study the Hausdorff distance between certain families of graphs that often appear in chemical graph theory. Next to a few results for general graphs, we determine formulae for the distance between paths and cycles.
Previously, there was no known efficient algorithm for the problem of determining the Hausdorff distance between two trees, and in this dissertation we present a polynomial-time algorithm for it. The algorithm is recursive and it utilizes the divide and conquer technique. As a subtask it also uses a procedure that is based on the well-known graph algorithm for finding a maximum bipartite matching.
The edge metric dimension is a graph invariant that deals with distinguishing the edges of a graph. Let $G=(V(G),E(G))$ be a connected graph, let $w \in V(G)$ be a vertex, and let $e=uv \in E(G)$ be an edge. The distance between the vertex $w$ and the edge $e$ is given by $d_G(e,w)=\min\{d_G(u,w),d_G(v,w)\}$. A vertex $w \in V(G)$ distinguishes two edges $e_1,e_2 \in E(G)$ if $d_G(w,e_1) \ne d_G(w,e_2)$. A set $S$ of vertices in a connected graph $G$ is an edge metric generator of $G$ if every two distinct edges of $G$ are distinguished by some vertex of $S$. The smallest cardinality of an edge metric generator of $G$ is called the edge metric dimension and is denoted by $dim_e(G)$. The concept of the edge metric dimension is new. We study its mathematical properties. We make a comparison between the edge metric dimension and the standard metric dimension of graphs while presenting some realization results concerning the two. We prove that computing the edge metric dimension of connected graphs is NP-hard and give some approximation results. Moreover, we present bounds and closed formulae for the edge metric dimension of several classes of graphs.
The mixed metric dimension is a graph invariant similar to the edge metric dimension that deals with distinguishing the elements (vertices and edges) of a graph. A vertex $w \in V(G)$ distinguishes two elements of a graph $x,y \in E(G)\cup V(G)$ if $d_G(w,x) \ne d_G(w,y)$. A set $S$ of vertices in a connected graph $G$ is a mixed metric generator of $G$ if every two elements $x,y \in E(G) \cup V(G)$ of $G$, where $x \neq y$, are distinguished by some vertex of $S$. The smallest cardinality of a mixed metric generator of $G$ is called the mixed metric dimension and is denoted by $dim_m(G)$. In this dissertation, we consider the structure of mixed metric generators and characterize graphs for which the mixed metric dimension equals the trivial lower and upper bounds. We also give results on the mixed metric dimension of certain families of graphs and present an upper bound with respect to the girth of a graph. Finally, we prove that the problem of determining the mixed metric dimension of a graph is NP-hard in the general case.
Keywords: Hausdorff distance, distance between graphs, graph algorithms, trees, graph similarity, edge metric dimension, edge metric generator, mixed metric dimension, metric dimension
Published in DKUM: 03.08.2020; Views: 1587; Downloads: 128
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5. Open $k$-monopolies in graphs: complexity and related conceptsDorota Kuziak, Iztok Peterin, Ismael G. Yero, 2016, original scientific article Abstract: Closed monopolies in graphs have a quite long range of applications in several problems related to overcoming failures, since they frequently have some common approaches around the notion of majorities, for instance to consensus problems, diagnosis problems or voting systems. We introduce here open ▫$k$▫-monopolies in graphs which are closely related to different parameters in graphs. Given a graph ▫$G=(V,E)$▫ and ▫$X \subseteq V$▫, if ▫$\delta_X(v)$▫ is the number of neighbors ▫$v$▫ has in ▫$X$▫, ▫$k$▫ is an integer and ▫$t$▫ is a positive integer, then we establish in this article a connection between the following three concepts: (1) Given a nonempty set ▫$M\subseteq V$▫ a vertex ▫$v$▫ of ▫$G$▫ is said to be ▫$k$▫-controlled by ▫$M$▫ if ▫$\delta_M(v)\ge \frac{\delta_V(v)}{2}+k$▫. The set ▫$M$▫ is called an open ▫$k$▫-monopoly for ▫$G$▫ if it ▫$k$▫-controls every vertex ▫$v$▫ of ▫$G$▫. (2) A function ▫$f: V\rightarrow \{-1,1\}$▫ is called a signed total ▫$t$▫-dominating function for ▫$G$▫ if ▫$f(N(v))=\sum_{v\in N(v)}f(v)\geq t$▫ for all ▫$v\in V$▫. (3) A nonempty set ▫$S\subseteq V$▫ is a global (defensive and offensive) ▫$k$▫-alliance in ▫$G$▫ if ▫$\delta_S(v)\ge \delta_{V-S}(v)+k$▫ holds for every ▫$v\in V$▫. In this article we prove that the problem of computing the minimum cardinality of an open ▫$0$▫-monopoly in a graph is NP-complete even restricted to bipartite or chordal graphs. In addition we present some general bounds for the minimum cardinality of open ▫$k$▫-monopolies and we derive some exact values.
Keywords: open k-monopolies, k-signed total domination, global defensive k-alliance, global offensive k-alliance
Published in DKUM: 10.07.2017; Views: 1172; Downloads: 159
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6. Efficient open domination in graph productsDorota Kuziak, Iztok Peterin, Ismael G. Yero, 2014, original scientific article Abstract: A graph ▫$G$▫ is an efficient open domination graph if there exists a subset ▫$D$▫ of ▫$V(G)$▫ for which the open neighborhoods centered in vertices of ▫$D$▫ form a partition of ▫$V(G)$▫. We completely describe efficient open domination graphs among lexicographic, strong, and disjunctive products of graphs. For the Cartesian product we give a characterization when one factor is ▫$K_2$▫.
Keywords: graph theory, efficient open domination, graph products, total domination
Published in DKUM: 10.07.2017; Views: 1379; Downloads: 170
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