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1.
Psychometric testing of the Slovene version of the Perceived Inventory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing
Cvetka Krel, Dominika Vrbnjak, Gregor Štiglic, Sebastjan Bevc, 2024, original scientific article

Abstract: The Perceived Inventory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing (PITCCN) questionnaire has been designed to measure technological competency as caring in nursing practice. It incorporates the use of technology with the fundamental principles of caring that are central to nursing. As there were no psychometrically sound instruments to quantify the concept of technological competency as caring in the Slovene language, we adapted the English version of the questionnaire to the local environment. The goal was to assess the level of psychometric properties of the PITCCN investigated in Slovene hospitals. Methods: Content validity was conducted with eight experts and quantified by the content validity index (CVI) and the modified Cohen’s kappa index. Face validity was assessed through discussions with participants from the target culture in the pilot study. To assess construct validity and internal consistency, a cross-sectional research methodology was used on a convenience sample of 121 nursing personnel from four hospitals. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to examine construct validity, while Cronbach’s alpha and adjusted item-total correlations were used to measure internal consistency. Results: The content and face validity of PITCCN were adequate. The scale validity index (S-CVI) was 0.97. Cronbach’s α was 0.92, and subscale reliabilities ranged from 0.810 to 0.925. PCA showed four components, which explained more than 73.49% of the variance. Conclusions: The Slovenian version of PITCCN (PITCCN_SI) has good psychometric properties.
Keywords: technology, caring, reliability, validity, psychometric properties
Published in DKUM: 28.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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2.
Najpogostejši tujki v dihalnih poteh, odstranjeni s sukcijskim pripomočkom
Špela Metličar, 2025, master's thesis

Abstract: Uvod: Zapora dihalne poti zaradi tujka predstavlja četrti najpogostejši vzrok nenamerne smrti. Obstaja več načinov razreševanja zadušitev s tujki, eden izmed njih je uporaba sukcijskih pripomočkov. V zaključnem delu so prikazani najpogostejši tujki v dihalnih poteh, odstranjeni s sukcijskim pripomočkom LifeVac. Metode: Izvedli smo sekundarno analizo podatkov o uporabi omenjenega pripomočka. Podatki se od leta 2016 zbirajo preko obrazca, ki ga izpolnijo uporabniki. Hipoteze smo analizirali s Pearsonovim Hi-kvadrat testom. Rezultati: Analizirali smo podatke 1062 oseb. Najpogostejše starostne skupine so bili dojenčki (26,65 %; 283/1062), malčki (22,22 %; 236/1062) in starostniki (19,77 %; 210/1062). Večina oseb (70,24 %; 746/1062) je bila brez znanih bolezni ali drugih zdravstvenih težav, približno vsaka osma žrtev pa naj bi imela eno izmed bolezni živčevja (11,96 %; 127/1062). Najpogostejši tujki so bili zrezek, piščanec, bombon, grozdje in hrenovka v štručki. Dokazali smo, da se pojavnost le-teh po starostnih skupinah razlikuje. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da je vrsta zapore dihalne poti povezana s prisotnostjo bolezni. Razprava in zaključek: Pri omenjenih tujkih in osebah z večjim tveganjem za zadušitev je potrebna dodatna pozornost, da le-to preprečimo ali pravočasno zaznamo. Obstaja potreba po novih raziskavah, ki bi opredelile učinkovitost in smiselnost vključitve uporabe sukcijskih pripomočkov v prihodnje smernice.
Keywords: dušenje, tujek, zapora dihalne poti
Published in DKUM: 11.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 30
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3.
Napredne kvantitativne raziskovalne metode v zdravstveni negi
Lucija Gosak, Leona Cilar Budler, Roger Watson, Gregor Štiglic, 2025

Abstract: Publikacija "Napredne kvantitativne raziskovalne metode v zdravstveni negi" daje študentom zdravstvene nege in medicinskim sestram znanje in spretnosti za razlago različnih statističnih metod na njihovem področju, kar lahko izboljša spretnosti uporabnikov pri zbiranju, analizi in razlagi rezultatov iz klinične prakse ter tako prispeva k izboljšanju kakovosti zdravstvene oskrbe. Vsebuje podrobna navodila za uporabo programa IBM SPSS in izvajanje statističnih analiz, ki jih morajo medicinske sestre poznati pri svojem delu, saj pri vsakodnevnem delu s pacienti uporabljajo in ustvarjajo podatke. Glavni cilj zdravstvene nege pacientov je zagotavljanje kakovostne in na dokazih temelječe zdravstvene nege, zato so medicinske sestre dolžne slediti najnovejšim raziskavam in dokazom ter jih uporabljati pri svojem delu. Znanje, pridobljeno v tej knjigi, lahko medicinskim sestram pomaga tudi pri boljšem razumevanju in interpretaciji predhodno objavljenih rezultatov ter s tem pri kritični presoji veljavnosti in zanesljivosti rezultatov, ki jih bodo uporabljale v klinični praksi.
Keywords: quantitative analysis, statistics, IBM SPSS, reliability, validity, data analysis
Published in DKUM: 28.01.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 17
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4.
Cognitive and emotional perceptions of illness in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Lucija Gosak, Gregor Štiglic, 2024, original scientific article

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects a patient’s physical, social, and mental well-being. Perceptions of the illness are linked to quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess illness perception in patients diagnosed with T2DM and to validate the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire in the Slovenian language. A cross-sectional study involved 141 patients diagnosed with T2DM. We performed a content analysis of the questionnaire and estimated the S-CVI, I-CVI, kappa coefficient. We also used Cronbach’s alpha to assess the reliability. Participants did not have a very threatening perception of T2DM, but being overweight and having cardiovascular disease were significant contributors to a more threatening perception. The most frequently indicated factors influencing the onset and development of T2DM were heredity and genetics, stress and other psychological distress, and poor and inadequate nutrition. I-CVI ranged from 0.833 to 1.00, while the kappa is greater than 0.74, confirming the excellent validity of the questions. The content validity assessment of the questionnaire further confirms that the questionnaire is suitable for use with the target population in Slovenia. The questionnaire proved to be a valid and reliable tool that can be used to assess the relationship between illness perception and self-management of T2DM.
Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), illness perception, psychometric properties
Published in DKUM: 28.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 5
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5.
Internet use and psychosomatic symptoms among university students : cross-sectional study
Gregor Štiglic, Ruth Masterson Creber, Leona Cilar Budler, 2022, original scientific article

Abstract: Background: Although the internet facilitates access to a wide range of knowledge and evidence, overuse among young people is associated with lower wellbeing and psychosomatic symptoms. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to explore the relationship between internet use, mental wellbeing, and psychosomatic symptoms among university students in Slovenia. Methods: We used correlation matrix plots to identify correlated symptoms and multivariate logistic regression to analyze the relationship between the time spent on the internet or computer and psychosomatic symptoms controlling for gender. Symptoms were measured using the Health Behavior of School Children scale. Results: Out of 464 students, the majority (64.7%, n = 300) were healthcare students and 35.3% (n = 164) were computer science students. Among somatic symptoms, headaches were associated with more time spent on the computer (r = −0.17, p < 0.001) and were significantly more prevalent in computer science students compared to health science students (χ2(1) = 8.52, p = 0.004). Time spent using the internet for spare time activities was associated with lower nervousness (r = 0.15, p = 0.005). Conclusions: Computer science students reported more frequent psychological symptoms compared to health science students and less somatic symptoms.
Keywords: psychological symptoms, somatic symptoms, technology use, wellbeing, university students
Published in DKUM: 27.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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6.
Using generative artificial intelligence in bibliometric analysis : 10 years of research trends from the European Resuscitation congresses
Nino Fijačko, Ruth Masterson Creber, Benjamin S. Abella, Primož Kocbek, Špela Metličar, Robert Greif, Gregor Štiglic, 2024, other scientific articles

Abstract: Aims: The aim of this study is to use generative artificial intelligence to perform bibliometric analysis on abstracts published at European Resuscitation Council (ERC) annual scientific congress and define trends in ERC guidelines topics over the last decade. Methods: In this bibliometric analysis, the WebHarvy software (SysNucleus, India) was used to download data from the Resuscitation journal’s website through the technique of web scraping. Next, the Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (ChatGPT-4) application programming interface (Open AI, USA) was used to implement the multinomial classification of abstract titles following the ERC 2021 guidelines topics. Results: From 2012 to 2022 a total of 2491 abstracts have been published at ERC congresses. Published abstracts ranged from 88 (in 2020) to 368 (in 2015). On average, the most common ERC guidelines topics were Adult basic life support (50.1%), followed by Adult advanced life support (41.5%), while Newborn resuscitation and support of transition of infants at birth (2.1%) was the least common topic. The findings also highlight that the Basic Life Support and Adult Advanced Life Support ERC guidelines topics have the strongest co-occurrence to all ERC guidelines topics, where the Newborn resuscitation and support of transition of infants at birth (2.1%; 52/2491) ERC guidelines topic has the weakest co-occurrence. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the capabilities of generative artificial intelligence in the bibliometric analysis of abstract titles using the example of resuscitation medicine research over the last decade at ERC conferences using large language models.
Keywords: generative artificial intelligence, bibliometric analysis, congress, emergency medicine, European Resuscitation Council
Published in DKUM: 27.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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7.
Effects of a serious smartphone game on nursing students` theoretical knowledge and practical skills in adult basic life support : randomized wait list-controlled trial
Nino Fijačko, Ruth Masterson Creber, Špela Metličar, Matej Strnad, Robert Greif, Gregor Štiglic, Pavel Skok, 2024, original scientific article

Abstract: Background: Retention of adult basic life support (BLS) knowledge and skills after professional training declines over time.To combat this, the European Resuscitation Council and the American Heart Association recommend shorter, more frequent BLS sessions. Emphasizing technology-enhanced learning, such as mobile learning, aims to increase out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival and is becoming more integral in nursing education. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether playing a serious smartphone game called MOBICPR at home can improve and retain nursing students’ theoretical knowledge of and practical skills in adult BLS. Methods: This study used a randomized wait list–controlled design. Nursing students were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either a MOBICPR intervention group (MOBICPR-IG) or a wait-list control group (WL-CG), where the latter received the MOBICPR game 2 weeks after the MOBICPR-IG. The aim of the MOBICPR game is to engage participants in using smartphone gestures (eg, tapping) and actions (eg, talking) to perform evidence-based adult BLS on a virtual patient with OHCA. The participants’ theoretical knowledge of adult BLS was assessed using a questionnaire, while their practical skills were evaluated on cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality parameters using a manikin and a checklist. Results: In total, 43 nursing students participated in the study, 22 (51%) in MOBICPR-IG and 21 (49%) in WL-CG. There were differences between the MOBICPR-IG and the WL-CG in theoretical knowledge (P=.04) but not in practical skills (P=.45) after MOBICPR game playing at home. No difference was noted in the retention of participants’ theoretical knowledge and practical skills of adult BLS after a 2-week break from playing the MOBICPR game (P=.13). Key observations included challenges in response checks with a face-down manikin and a general neglect of safety protocols when using an automated external defibrillator. Conclusions: Playing the MOBICPR game at home has the greatest impact on improving the theoretical knowledge of adult BLS in nursing students but not their practical skills. Our findings underscore the importance of integrating diverse scenarios into adult BLS training.
Keywords: serious smartphone game, adult basic life support, teaching, games, gaming, education, nurses, nursing, educational, mHealth, mobile health, applications, smartphones, randomized controlled trial, technology-enhanced learning, life support, knowledge retention, practical
Published in DKUM: 27.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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8.
Using generative AI to improve the performance and interpretability of rule-based diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Leon Kopitar, Iztok Fister, Gregor Štiglic, 2024, original scientific article

Abstract: Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major global health concern, but interpreting machine learning models for diagnosis remains challenging. This study investigates combining association rule mining with advanced natural language processing to improve both diagnostic accuracy and interpretability. This novel approach has not been explored before in using pretrained transformers for diabetes classification on tabular data. Methods: The study used the Pima Indians Diabetes dataset to investigate Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Python and Jupyter Notebook were employed for analysis, with the NiaARM framework for association rule mining. LightGBM and the dalex package were used for performance comparison and feature importance analysis, respectively. SHAP was used for local interpretability. OpenAI GPT version 3.5 was utilized for outcome prediction and interpretation. The source code is available on GitHub. Results: NiaARM generated 350 rules to predict diabetes. LightGBM performed better than the GPT-based model. A comparison of GPT and NiaARM rules showed disparities, prompting a similarity score analysis. LightGBM’s decision making leaned heavily on glucose, age, and BMI, as highlighted in feature importance rankings. Beeswarm plots demonstrated how feature values correlate with their influence on diagnosis outcomes. Discussion: Combining association rule mining with GPT for Type 2 diabetes mellitus classification yields limited effectiveness. Enhancements like preprocessing and hyperparameter tuning are required. Interpretation challenges and GPT’s dependency on provided rules indicate the necessity for prompt engineering and similarity score methods. Variations in feature importance rankings underscore the complexity of T2DM. Concerns regarding GPT’s reliability emphasize the importance of iterative approaches for improving prediction accuracy.
Keywords: GPT, association rule mining, classification, interpretability, diagnostics
Published in DKUM: 26.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 223
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9.
The role of visualization in estimating cardiovascular disease risk : scoping review
Adrijana Svenšek, Mateja Lorber, Lucija Gosak, Katrien Verbert, Zalika Klemenc-Ketiš, Gregor Štiglic, 2024, review article

Abstract: Background: Supporting and understanding the health of patients with chronic diseases and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is often a major challenge. Health data are often used in providing feedback to patients, and visualization plays an important role in facilitating the interpretation and understanding of data and, thus, influencing patients’ behavior. Visual analytics enable efficient analysis and understanding of large datasets in real time. Digital health technologies can promote healthy lifestyle choices and assist in estimating CVD risk. Objective: This review aims to present the most-used visualization techniques to estimate CVD risk. Methods: In this scoping review, we followed the Joanna Briggs Institute PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. The search strategy involved searching databases, including PubMed, CINAHL Ultimate, MEDLINE, and Web of Science, and gray literature from Google Scholar. This review included English-language articles on digital health, mobile health, mobile apps, images, charts, and decision support systems for estimating CVD risk, as well as empirical studies, excluding irrelevant studies and commentaries, editorials, and systematic reviews. Results: We found 774 articles and screened them against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The final scoping review included 17 studies that used different methodologies, including descriptive, quantitative, and population-based studies. Some prognostic models, such as the Framingham Risk Profile, World Health Organization and International Society of Hypertension risk prediction charts, Cardiovascular Risk Score, and a simplified Persian atherosclerotic CVD risk stratification, were simpler and did not require laboratory tests, whereas others, including the Joint British Societies recommendations on the prevention of CVD, Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation, and Framingham-Registre Gironí del COR, were more complex and required laboratory testing–related results. The most frequently used prognostic risk factors were age, sex, and blood pressure (16/17, 94% of the studies); smoking status (14/17, 82%); diabetes status (11/17, 65%); family history (10/17, 59%); high-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol (9/17, 53%); and triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (6/17, 35%). The most frequently used visualization techniques in the studies were visual cues (10/17, 59%), followed by bar charts (5/17, 29%) and graphs (4/17, 24%). Conclusions: On the basis of the scoping review, we found that visualization is very rarely included in the prognostic models themselves even though technology-based interventions improve health care worker performance, knowledge, motivation, and compliance by integrating machine learning and visual analytics into applications to identify and respond to estimation of CVD risk. Visualization aids in understanding risk factors and disease outcomes, improving bioinformatics and biomedicine. However, evidence on mobile health’s effectiveness in improving CVD outcomes is limited.
Keywords: cardiovascular disease prevention, risk factors, visual analytics, visualization, mobile phone, PRISMA
Published in DKUM: 26.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 8
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10.
Mobile applications for learning hand hygiene : a comparative analysis
Dominika Muršec, Adrijana Svenšek, Lucija Gosak, Sonja Šostar-Turk, Urška Rozman, Gregor Štiglic, Mateja Lorber, 2024, review article

Abstract: Infection control is crucial for high-quality patient care. One of the most effective and commonly used infection control procedures is hand hygiene which, it is known, requires repeated refresher training. There are many ways to educate healthcare professionals about hand hygiene, including the use of mobile applications (apps). Our aim is to review such hand hygiene apps, and to identify which have been available since 2021 and to assess their quality. We conducted a review using the PRISMA diagram to document our app selection process in the Google Play Store and Apple store in March 2024. For the evaluation of apps, we used the user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale questionnaire (uMARS). Of 16 apps only five adhere to WHO hand hygiene guidelines. Timers were included in 12 of the 16 apps and reminders were included in 10 of 16 apps. The highest overall uMARS scoring app was Give Me 5–Hand Hygiene (4.31 ± 0.28), while Wash your hands! (1.17 ± 0.14) had the lowest score. We found that more than half of the apps were unavailable from the 2021 review. We believe that app-based education could effectively sustain hand hygiene knowledge in healthcare settings.
Keywords: hand hygiene, innovative education, WHO
Published in DKUM: 25.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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