1. Microstructure and indentation properties of single-roll and twin-roll casting of a quasicrystal-forming Al-Mn-Cu-Be alloyFranc Zupanič, Matjaž Macerl, Toshio Haga, Tonica Bončina, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: In this investigation, strips of an experimental Al-Mn-Cu-Be alloy were manufactured by
high-speed single-roll and twin-roll casting to stimulate the formation of a quasicrystalline phase
during solidification. The strips were characterised by light microscopy, scanning and transmission
electron microscopy, microchemical analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Indentation testing was used to
determine the mechanical responses of the strips in different areas. A smooth surface was achieved
on both sides of the twin-roll-cast strip, while the free surface of the single-roll-cast strip was rough.
The microstructures in both strips consisted of an Al-rich solid solution matrix embedding several
intermetallic phases Θ-Al2Cu, Be4Al (Mn, Cu), Al15Mn3Be2 and icosahedral quasicrystalline phase
(IQC). The microstructure of the single-roll-cast strip was more uniform than that of the twin-roll-cast
strip. Coarse Al15Mn3Be2 particles appeared in both alloys, especially at the centre of the twinroll strip. These coarse particles adversely affected the strength and ductility. Nevertheless, both
casting methods provided high-cooling rates, enabling the formation of metastable phases, such as
quasicrystals. However, improvements in alloy composition and casting procedure are required to
obtain enhanced microstructures and properties.
Keywords: single-roll casting, twin roll casting, microstructure, quasicrystal, hardness, aluminium, characterisation
Published in DKUM: 24.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 0
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2. Microstructure and surface topography study of nanolayered TiAlN/CrN hard coatingPeter Panjan, Peter Gselman, Matjaž Panjan, Tonica Bončina, Aljaž Drnovšek, Mihaela Albu, Miha Čekada, Franc Zupanič, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: The microstructure and surface topography of PVD hard coatings are among the most
important properties, as they significantly determine their mechanical, tribological and other properties. In this study, we systematically analyzed the microstructure and topography of a TiAlN/CrN
nanolayer coating (NL-TiAlN/CrN), not only because such coatings possess better mechanical and
tribological properties than TiAlN and CrN monolayer coatings, mainly because the contours of the
individual layers, in the cross-sectional STEM or SEM images of such coatings, make it easier to
follow topographic and microstructural changes that occurred during its growth. We investigated
the effects of the substrate rotation modes on the microstructure and surface topography of the
NL-TiAlN/CrN coating, as well as on the periodicity of the nanolayer structure. The influence of the
substrate material and the ion etching methods were also studied, while special attention was given to
the interlayer roughness and influence of non-metallic inclusions in the steel substrates on the growth
of the coating. The topographical features of the NL-TiAlN/CrN coating surface are correlated with
the observations from the cross-sectional TEM and FIB analysis. Selected non-metallic inclusions,
covered by the NL-TiAlN/CrN coating, were prepared for SEM and STEM analyses by the focused
ion beam. The same inclusions were analyzed prior to and after deposition. We found that substrate
rotation modes substantially influence the microstructure, surface topography and periodicity of the
NL-TiAlN/CrN layer. Non-metallic inclusions in the substrates cause the formation of shallow craters
or protrusions, depending on their net removal rates during the substrate pretreatment (polishing
and ion etching), as compared to the matrix.
Keywords: magnetron sputtering, nanolayer hard coatings, growth defects, surface topography, interlayer roughness, non-metallic inclusion, focused ion beam (FIB), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)
Published in DKUM: 19.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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3. Sodobni inženirski materialiIvan Anžel, Franc Zupanič, Mihael Brunčko, 2025, other educational material Abstract: Skripta, Sodobni inženirski materiali je kot temeljno študijsko gradivo namenjeno pervenstveno študentom 2. stopnje študijskih programov Strojništva, Gospodarskega inženirstva, Mehatronike in študentom Inženirsko oblikovanja izdelkov. Skripta je sestavljena iz treh poglavij: (i) Zgradba in izbira inženirskih materialov; (ii) Lastnosti inženirskih materialov; (iii) Primeri sodobnih inženirskih materialov. V prvem poglavju je obravnavana zgradba kovinskih, keramičnih, polimernih in kompozitnih materialov ter predstavljeni so kriteriji, ki omogočajo inženirjem glede na želeno kombinacijo lastnosti materialov, njihovo ustrezno izbiro za določeno aplikacijo. Drugo poglavje obravnava lastnosti sodobnih inženirskih materialov s poudarkom na poglobljenem študiju razlage korelacij med zgradbo, mikrostrukturo in lastnostmi. V zadnjem najobsežnejšem poglavju so predstavljeni izbrani primeri sodobnih inženirskih materialov, katerih uporaba e v industrijski praksi dandanes zelo aktualna. Če naštejemo samo najbolj zanimive: disperzijsko utrjeni materiali, spominske zlitine, konstrukcijska keramika, materiali za shranjevanje vodika, hitrostrjeni kovinski materiali, sodobne aluminijeve zlitine, biopolimeri in še mnogi drugi.
Keywords: sodobni inženirski materiali, zgradba, izbira materialov, mikrostruktura, lastnosti
Published in DKUM: 27.02.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 741
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4. Protura (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) in Slovenian cavesLoris Galli, Franc Janžekovič, Peter Kozel, Tone Novak, 2021, original scientific article Keywords: adaptations, cave fauna, microarthropods, microhabitats, subterranean ecosystem
Published in DKUM: 14.02.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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5. Size and shape variability of the wing in burnet moth, Zygaena ephialtes (L., 1767) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae)Tina Klenovšek, Predrag Jakšić, Franc Janžekovič, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: The burnet moth, Zygaena ephialtes (L., 1767) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) is a distinctly polymorphic species of moth appearing in several color morphotypes. This study examined whether the variability of the Z. ephialtes forewing could be explained by geometric morphometric methods. The analysis included 70 male specimens from five localities in Montenegro (Plužine, Tepca, Dobrilovina, Gusinje and Rugovska Gorge), and one locality in North Macedonia (Kožuf Mountain) belonging to the subspecies Zygaena ephialtes pannonica Holik, 1937 and Zygaena ephialtes istoki Silbernagel, 1944, respectively, collected between 1981 to 2018. The forewing outline and the aposematic color pattern formed by five spots were analyzed separately. Neither forewing size nor forewing spots pattern size exhibited interpopulation heterogeneity. Size variation of the basal spot was independent from the rest. Considering the forewing outline shape, the apical portion was the most variable and different among populations. Two morphological groups were recognized: a group with a narrower pointed forewing (samples: Kožuf Mountain, Rugovska Gorge and Tepca), and a group with a wider forewing with a blunt apex (Plužine, Gusinje). Neither the outline or the spots pattern of the forewing supported the distinction between the subspecies Z. e. pannonica and Z. e. istoki.
Keywords: aposematic coloration, Balkan Peninsula, geographical variability, geometric morphometrics, wing pattern
Published in DKUM: 04.02.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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6. Conservation of forest genetic resources with forest reproductive material management guidelinesHojka Kraigher, 2025 Abstract: The textbook is intended for students and professionals in the field of conservation of biotic diversity with an emphasis on the conservation of genetic diversity, silviculturers and forest seed dealers and responsible in forest nurseries. It includes the basics of forest genetics, presents the importance and theoretical basis for the conservation of forest genetic resources, the Strategy for conservation of forest genetic resources in Europe, EUFORGEN and SIFORGEN programs (Slovenian program for the conservation of forest genetic resources). Botanical rpesentations of seed structure and germination physiology. Technologies of collection, processing and storage, and germination of seeds of forest tree species. Basics of seedlings production in forest nurseries. European and Slovenian legislation in the field of forest reproductive material. Examples of documents used in the approval of forest seed objects (basic material) and certification of forest reproductive material.
Keywords: genetic diversity, legislation, certification, forest reproductive mterial, conservation of forets genetic resources
Published in DKUM: 31.01.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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7. Effects of renewal investments in immovable cultural heritage on Slovenian public finances : convergence with selected EU countriesBorut Vojinović, France Križanič, Vasja Kolšek, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: In our paper we provide a measure of the optimal state incentive needed for the purpose of regular investment in maintaining immovable cultural heritage. Slovenia annually needs 32.7 million euros of investment for the maintenance of its immovable cultural heritage, which is feasible with 16.4 million euros of state subsidies. Comparing the mechanisms of selected EU countries, we show convergence occurrences using an indirect approach. Investments in cultural heritage represent an increase in one of the components of final
demand with a positive impact on the economy. This was assessed with Leontief's production function (effect via reproduction chain). Investments in the maintenance of immovable cultural heritage also have a positive impact on tourism revenue. According to the results of the input-output analysis, regular maintenance annually results in 60.9 million euros' value added with 22.4 million euros higher general government revenue. The net fiscal effect of incentives for these investments is positive for 36.5% of public funds spent.
Keywords: cultural property, cultural heritage, investments, fiscal policy, convergence (economics), European Union, EU
Published in DKUM: 06.01.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 4
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8. Vpliv podnebnih sprememb in gozdarskih aktivnosti na številčnost malega skovika Glaucidium passerinum na območju Pohorja : Magistrsko deloMilica Nikolić, 2024, master's thesis Abstract: Slovenija je gozdnata dežela, saj gozdovi poraščajo dobro polovico države, hkrati pa jo odlikuje nadvse pestra narava. Gozdovi izstopajo po visoki biodiverziteti, pri čemer so ptice med bolj opaznimi skupinami živali – z njimi se srečujemo na vsakem koraku. V raziskavi sem leta 2024 popisovala prisotnost najmanjše evropske sove, malega skovika (Glaucidium passerinum), na območju zavarovanega območja (SPA - special protection area) Pohorje. Vrsta je na seznamu Dodatka 1 Direktive o pticah in je opredeljena kot kvalifikacijska vrsta za SPA Pohorje (SI5000006). V raziskavi sem ugotavljala vpliv podnebnih sprememb in gozdarskih aktivnosti na prisotnost malega skovika v gozdovih Pohorja. Poleg tega sem svoje podatke popisa primerjala s podatki iz leta 2015. Na več lokacijah sem v popoldanskem času predvajala posnetek oglašanja malega skovika in beležila njegov odziv. Prav tako sem merila temperaturo v času popisa in prisotnost starega drevja. Povprečna temperatura v paritvenem obdobju spomladi se je v primerjavi z letom 2015 zvišala za 1,77 °C. Popisne točke sem izbirala večinoma v smrekovo-bukovem gozdu in na gozdnem robu. Stari listavci, ki so primeren habitat za gnezdenje malega skovika, so prevladovali na okoli 50 % popisnega območja. Število malega skovika se v primerjavi z letom 2015 ni bistveno spremenilo. Ugotovila sem, da višje temperature v letu 2024 niso pomembno vplivale na prisotnost vrste, hkrati pa je gozd v veliki meri dobro ohranjen in primeren habitat za malega skovika.
Keywords: razširjenost, sova, populacijska variabilnost, klimatske spremembe, starejši gozdni sestoji, odmrlo drevje, Slovenija
Published in DKUM: 20.12.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 16
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9. Environmental factors influencing the distribution of habitat types in the highlands of the Kamnik - Savinja AlpsSonja Škornik, Igor Paušič, Tone Novak, Franc Janžekovič, Danijel Ivajnšič, Mihaela Tostovršnik, Peter Kozel, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: In this work, we investigated the relationship between habitat types (HTs) and selected environmental factors in the highlands at altitudes of 1800–2558 m in the Kamnik-Savinja (KS) Alps in Slovenia. For 275 sampling sites, we identified seven HTs in their typical form and 11 ecotones, and provided field and modelled data for 14 environmental factors. HTs-environment relationships were analysed using multivariate ordination methods. In addition, binomial generalised linear mixed models were applied to reveal the influence of environmental factors on the occurrence of most frequent HTs in the study area [Outer Alpine Pinus mugo scrub (EUNIS code F2.4/Natura 2000 code 4070*), Southern rusty sedge grasslands (E4.413/6170), Cushion sedge carpets (E4.433/6170) and Fine calcareous screes (H2.43/8120)]. Results showed that certain modelled data (e.g. average annual air temperature) combined with field measurements (e.g. inclination, soil surface and soil moisture) can be effective predictors of most representative HTs in the study area, and thus useful for further refining of monitoring. Our study contributes to the knowledge and understanding of the relationships between environmental conditions and the occurrence of highland HTs in KS Alps, which probably concerns a great part of the Alpine highlands. Such knowledge is essential for assessing credible long-term conservation planning.
Keywords: Alpine habitat types, multivariate analysis, Pinus mugo, alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands, Natura 2000, Slovenia
Published in DKUM: 10.12.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 7
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10. Climate change and agriculture management : Western Balkan region analysisFranc Željko Županič, Danka Radić, Iztok Podbregar, 2021, review article Abstract: Background: This paper aims to analyze the possibilities of the agricultural sector of the Western Balkan to assess compliance with the European Green Deal, which provides for the implementation of activities, which should enable the transition to sustainable agriculture and climate change mitigation. This paper is among the first to present the causality of agriculture and climate change (status, mitigation, and perspectives) in general and in light of the European Green Deal for the Western Balkan territory.
Main text: Agricultural production is a leading industry in the Western Balkan. Climate change and predictions that temperatures will increase by 4 °C in the coming decades pose a risk not only to agricultural production but also to the safety of the population, because agriculture is the main source of income for a significant part of it. Uncontrolled floods and droughts caused by climate change are a particular danger for agriculture and human existence. This paper demonstrates that agriculture in the WB can be considered critically affected by climate change.
Conclusions:Unless appropriate measures are taken and risk management for water resources and agriculture is improved, there will be a further decrease in precipitation and an increase in dry days by 20%. Such a scenario endangers not only the already vulnerable climate sustainability and biodiversity of the region but also the existence of a population employed in agriculture and the contribution of the agricultural sector to the gross domestic product. However, future planning based on the Common Agriculture Policy (CAP) and European Green Deal, the adoption of a related regulatory framework, the establishment and regular monitoring of supporting financing mechanisms, regional cooperation, and improving risk management (with emphasis on the local level) can mitigate the present impact and decrease the expected negative impact of climate change on agriculture and biodiversity in the WB region.
Keywords: climate change, sustainable agriculture, risk management, Western Balkan countries, European Green Deal
Published in DKUM: 08.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 8
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