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Abstract: V tej študiji so bili preučeni rast in profili glukozinolatov (GSL) pri navadni rukoli Eruca sativa (Mill.) in tankolistnem dvoredcu Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. Med 30-dnevnim obdobjem rasti pod različnimi svetlobnimi pogoji; T5 z maksimalno valovno dolžino 545 nm, LED1 z maksimalno valovno dolžino 631 nm in LED2 z maksimalno valovno dolžino 598 nm. Največji prirast suhe snovi (SS) je bil izmerjen pri E. sativa pod T5 (0,657 g SS/rastlino) in najmanjši pri D. tenuifolia pod LED1 (0,080 g SS/rastlino). Vsebnost GSL se je bistveno razlikovala, ne glede na svetilo, vendar je bila povezana z genotipom (E. sativa, r = 0,802**). Povprečno največja količina 4-metilsulfonilbutil-GSL (glukosativin) (7,3248 mg/g SS) je bila določena pri E. sativa in D. tenuifolia (6,7428 mg/g SS) pod T5. Regresijska analiza med različnimi valovnimi dolžinami svetlobe, ki so jo oddajala posamezna svetila in glukozinolati, se je pokazala med fotosintetskim aktivnim sevanjem (PPFD_B) in 4-metiltiobutil-GSL (glukoerucin) pri E. sativa (r = 0,698*) in D. tenuifolia (r = 0,693*), kar kaže na vpliv svetlobe na odziv rastlin na inducirani stres in spremembe v biosintezi GSL.
Keywords: umetna svetloba, led svetloba, glukozinolati, rukola, zaprti prostor
Published in DKUM: 17.01.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 17
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Abstract: Slovenia has a unique blend of climatic, soil, geographic and historical factors that fostered a rich tradition of plum cultivation and utilization. This study was set up to achieve following objectives: 1. assess the genetic diversity of 124 accessions of the three Prunus species (P. domestica L., P. cerasifera Ehrh., and P. spinosa L.); explore the possible contribution of P. cerasifera and P. spinosa to the ancestry of P. domestica; examine the genetic relationships and variability among the prevalent P. domestica material distributed in Slovenia. A combination of genetic markers, including 11 SSRs (UDP96-005, BPPCT034, EMPAS12, UCD-CH17, EMPAS06, EMPAS11, EMPAS14, BPPCT014, BPPCT025, CPSCT026 and CPPCT006) and three universal cpDNA markers (HK, K1K2 and VL), were chosen alongside flow cytometry. The analysis identified ten cpDNA haplotypes, which were grouped into three clusters using Unweighted Neighbor-Joining (NJ) analysis. All 11 SSR primer pairs exhibited polymorphism, revealing 116 unique genotypes and a total of 328 alleles, indicating considerable diversity with an average of 29.82 alleles per locus. Bayesian analysis distinguished two ancestral populations across all analyzed species. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) reflected the clustering observed in the Bayesian analysis. When analyzing individual set of P. domestica material, Bayesian analysis also distinguished two ancestral populations across, with PCoA confirming the results of Bayesian analysis. The NJ analysis categorized 71 P. domestica accessions into three clusters with numerous subgroups, reflecting a high genetic diversity. The majority of accessions aligned with traditional pomological groups, such as common prunes, mirabelle plums and greengages. Genetic diversity parameters were analyzed for the 42 diploid P. cerasifera genotypes. A relatively high diversity levels were found, resulting in 135 alleles, with high average values for alleles per locus (10.38), effective number of alleles (Ne = 5.22), expected heterozygosity (He = 0.77), observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.64) and PIC value (0.754). In addition, 32 private alleles were found in 20 accessions. Bayesian analysis of the P. cerasifera material revealed three ancestral populations, corroborated by Principal Coordinate Analysis, while an NJ analysis grouped the accessions into three clusters based on the origin of the accession. This study identified valuable local landraces within the P. domestica pool, including traditional prunes or Bluish plums, which are of great genetic interest. Furthermore, the integration of complementary methods facilitated the differentiation of the three species and provided insights into the origin of plum. The findings will be crucial in comprehending the diversity of Slovenian plum germplasm, improving conservation efforts, recovering local genotypes and enriching existing collections of plant genetic resources.
Keywords: Prunus spp., plum, genetic resources, genetic diversity, genetic structure, cpDNA, SSR
Published in DKUM: 24.07.2024; Views: 160; Downloads: 58
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Abstract: Precision agriculture (PA) through the use and utilization of innovative technologies is a concept in agricultural management that enables long-term efficiency gains, control of unforeseen changes, and a reduction of negative impacts on the environment. However, there are even more reasons and benefits to using precision agriculture technologies (PATs) on farms, but the actual use on small farms is often questionable. The main objective of this research was to evaluate and analyze the current state of PA and its potential on a set of small farms. In addition, a comparison was made between small farms located in less favored areas (LFAs) and more favored areas (MFAs) to find if specific characteristics of the surrounding environment affect the (non-) implementation of these technologies by farm owners, with respect to the given regional possibilities. The result shows that 57.5% of respondents on these farms have never implemented PATs before and 20% are beginners in their respective fields. It was found that there were no statistically significant differences in the integration between fewer LFAs and MFAs technologies and their use in this study. The majority of respondents believe that the main changes need to occur on the level of politics. The results show that the level of cost or initial investment is the main reason and the main obstacle in the implementation of PATs on the surveyed farms.
Keywords: precision agriculture, small farm, technological innovations, implementation, situation overview, survey, ICT
Published in DKUM: 02.07.2024; Views: 161; Downloads: 22
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Abstract: Akvaponika je okolju prijazen način pridelave hrane, ki uporablja akvakulturo in hidroponiko za gojenje rib in rastlin brez tal. V akvaponskem sistemu se ribji odpadki dovajajo v rastno gredo, ki deluje kot biološki filter in odvzame nitrate, kateri so nujni za rast rastlin, nova sveža voda pa se vrne k ribam v akvarij. V projektu so bili predstavljeni in opisani izgradnja ter delovanje sistema, podatki in ugotovitve ob koncu projekta. Za poskus, ki je trajal 44 dni, je bil na domačem vrtu izdelan akvaponski sistem iz dveh IBC cistern. V rastno gredo so bile konec avgusta nasajene sadike različnih vrst listnate zelenjave, v akvarij pa naseljene ribe. Po končanem poskusu so bile rastline in ribe stehtane. Iz podatkov je bilo izračunano, da se je krapom skupna masa zvišala za 19,5 %, listnati zelenjavi pa za 5356,9 %.
Keywords: akvaponika, akvaponski sistem, listnata zelenjava, koi krap, Cyprinus rubrofuscus
Published in DKUM: 10.10.2023; Views: 423; Downloads: 26
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Abstract: Fat deposition contributes importantly to various aspects of pig production such as meat and fat quality. It is influenced by various factors, including genetics (i.e. different breeds) and non-genetic factors (e.g. sex). This study aimed to identify mechanisms underlying these differences. The general objective of the present research was to determine how genetic variants and gene expression networks influence lipid-related traits in different metabolic types of pigs (i.e. among local breeds, between local breeds versus modern pig crossbreed and between entire males versus immunocastrated versus surgically castrated pigs). In the first part of the research, 20 European local pig breeds were phenotypically distributed according to stature, growth performance and fatness traits. Principal component analysis of phenotypic data distinguished between larger and leaner breeds with better growth potential from breeds that were smaller, fatter, and had low growth efficiency. The phenotypic data and genetic variants were used for a genome scan for selection signatures associated with phenotype. Several candidate genes were identified that may have adapted to specific phenotypic traits, such as the ANXA4 and ANTXR1 genes for stature, the TLL1 and KCTD16 genes for growth performance, and the DNMT3A and POMC genes for fatness. Several discovered genes in the genotype-phenotype selection scan were further tested for differential gene expression in adipose tissue between the local Krškopolje and the modern crossbreed. However, no significant differences in expression were found between the studied groups. Additionally, the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was further investigated in the same groups to discover possible underlying mechanisms for fatty phenotype in Krškopolje pigs. Genes involved in adipogenesis (i.e. PPARγ) and lipogenesis (i.e. FASN, ACACA) were upregulated in Krškopolje compared to modern crossbreed. These results were further supported by a higher quantity of adipose tissue depots together with a higher desaturation capacity in Krškopolje pigs than in modern crossbreed. However, lipogenic enzyme activities of subcutaneous adipose tissue were lower in Krškopolje than in modern pigs. In the second part of the research, male sex categories were compared at different levels. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed 83 differentially expressed genes between entire males and immunocastrated pigs, 15 between immunocastrated and surgically castrated pigs and 48 between entire males and surgically castrated pigs. Upregulated genes in entire males compared to immunocastrated and surgically castrated pigs were related to extracellular matrix dynamics and adipogenesis, whereas downregulated genes were involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. A candidate gene expression approach using quantitative PCR demonstrated that genes involved in lipogenesis (i.e. FASN, ME1, ACACA) were downregulated in entire males compared to immunocastrated pigs. The obtained transcriptomic results were further associated with the phenotype. It was shown that entire males were the leanest compared to castrated pigs, exhibiting the smallest adipocytes and lobulus surface area in the backfat. In addition, activities of lipogenic enzymes in backfat were similar to surgically castrated pigs, while the immunocastrated pigs had increased activity compared to entire males and surgically castrated pigs. The higher activity of lipogenic enzymes in the backfat of immunocastrated pigs was not consistent with the fatty acid composition, as immunocastrates were still similar to entire males (lower saturated and higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content compared to surgically castrated pigs). To conclude, the present study discovered genetic variants and differentially expressed genes responsible for distinct lipid metabolism in different metabolic types of pigs.
Keywords: prašič, maščobno tkivo, lipidni metabolizem, lokalne pasme, moderni križanci, nekastrirani prašiči, imunokastrirani prašiči, kirurško kastrirani prašiči, selekcijski podpisi povezani s fenotipom, izražanje genov
Published in DKUM: 05.10.2022; Views: 692; Downloads: 6
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