1. Diverse strategic identities induce dynamical states in evolutionary gamesIrene Sendiña-Nadal, Inmaculada Leyva, Matjaž Perc, David Papo, Marko Jusup, Zhen Wang, Juan A. Almendral, Pouya Manshour, Stefano Boccaletti, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Evolutionary games provide the theoretical backbone for many aspects of our social life: from cooperation to crime, from climate inaction to imperfect vaccination and epidemic spreading, from antibiotics overuse to biodiversity preservation. An important, and so far overlooked, aspect of reality is the diverse strategic identities of individuals. While applying the same strategy to all interaction partners may be an acceptable assumption for simpler forms of life, this fails to account for the behavior of more complex living beings. For instance, we humans act differently around different people. Here we show that allowing individuals to adopt different strategies with different partners yields a very rich evolutionary dynamics, including time-dependent coexistence of cooperation and defection, systemwide shifts in the dominant strategy, and maturation in individual choices. Our results are robust to variations in network type and size, and strategy updating rules. Accounting for diverse strategic identities thus has far-reaching implications in the mathematical modeling of social games.
Keywords: cooperation, evolutionary game theory, social physics, collective dynamics, complex system
Published in DKUM: 20.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 6
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2. Why are there six degrees of separation in a social network?I. Samoylenko, D. Aleja, E. Primo, Karin Alfaro-Bittner, E. Vasilyeva, K. Kovalenko, D. Musatov, A. M. Raigorodskii, R. Criado, M. Romance, David Papo, Matjaž Perc, B. Barzel, Stefano Boccaletti, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: A wealth of evidence shows that real-world networks are endowed with the small-world property, i.e., that the maximal distance between any two of their nodes scales logarithmically rather than linearly with their size. In addition, most social networks are organized so that no individual is more than six connections apart from any other, an empirical regularity known as the six degrees of separation. Why social networks have this ultrasmall-world organization, whereby the graph’s diameter is independent of the network size over several orders of magnitude, is still unknown. We show that the “six degrees of separation” is the property featured by the equilibrium state of any network where individuals weigh between their aspiration to improve their centrality and the costs incurred in forming and maintaining connections. We show, moreover, that the emergence of such a regularity is compatible with all other features, such as clustering and scale-freeness, that normally characterize the structure of social networks. Thus, our results show how simple evolutionary rules of the kind traditionally associated with human cooperation and altruism can also account for the emergence of one of the most intriguing attributes of social networks.
Keywords: degree distribution, network evolution, complex network, small-world network, social physics
Published in DKUM: 16.07.2024; Views: 111; Downloads: 18
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