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Keywords: grapevine, climatic change, bioclimatic parameters, grape ripeness
Published in DKUM: 05.12.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 64
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Abstract: Earthworms are key indicators of soil quality and health in vineyards, but research that considers different soil management systems, especially in Slovenian viticultural areas is scarce. In this investigation, the impact of different soil management practices such as permanent green cover, the use of herbicides in row and inter-row areas, use of straw mulch, and shallow soil tillage compared to meadow control for earthworm abundance, were assessed. The biomass and abundance of earthworms (m2) and distribution in various soil layers were quantified for three years. Monitoring and a survey covering 22 May 2014 to 5 October 2016 in seven different sampling dates, along with a soil profile at the depth from 0 to 60 cm, were carried out. Our results showed that the lowest mean abundance and biomass of earthworms in all sampling periods were registered along the herbicide strip (within the rows). The highest abundance was found in the straw mulch and permanent green cover treatments (higher than in the control). On the plots where the herbicide was applied to the complete inter-row area, the abundance of the earthworm community decreased from the beginning to the end of the monitoring period. In contrast, shallow tillage showed a similar trend of declining earthworm abundance, which could indicate a deterioration of soil biodiversity conditions. We concluded that different soil management practices greatly affect the soil’s environmental conditions (temperature and humidity), especially in the upper soil layer (up to 15 cm deep), which affects the abundance of the earthworm community. Our results demonstrated that these practices need to be adapted to the climate and weather conditions, and also to human impacts.
Keywords: soil management practices, vineyards, earthworms, human impacts, soil depth
Published in DKUM: 21.10.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 6
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Abstract: The long-term use of copper (Cu) fungicides in viticulture in Europe has led to Cu accumulation in vineyard top soils. However, less is known about the accumulation of Cu in grapevine grafts after the callusing process/before planting in the nursery. This paper presents the capacity of 5BB and SO4 rootstocks to accumulate Cu, as well as the patterns of translocation in the grafts. After heat forcing (callusing), the grapevine grafts of Sauvignon Blanc on 5BB and SO4 rootstocks were grown in pots for six months in a glasshouse and exposed to various Cu formulations (Cu-oxychloride, Cu-gluconate) and concentrations in peat (50, 150, 500, and 1000 mg Cu of dry weight (DW)). In addition to monitoring the shoot growth dynamics and analyzing the copper content in graft organs, bioaccumulation (BAFs) and translocation factors (TFs) of Cu were calculated. The mean Cu concentrations were ranked as follows: roots (15–164) > rootstock trunks (8–38) > canes (5–21) mg kg−1 DW. The Cu concentrations depended on the Cu formulation and concentration in the substrate. Higher Cu content was found in the roots of both rootstocks (5BB and SO4, 23–155 and 15–164 mg kg−1 DW, respectively) and the lowest in the canes (less than 10 mg kg−1 DW) of grafts grown in Cu-oxychloride-treated peat. Based on the BAFs and TFs, both rootstocks could be considered as Cu exclusive. A higher translocation rate was determined in systemic Cu-gluconate and SO4 rootstock. With shoot length measurements, the significant inhibitory effects of Cu on grapevine grafts growth could not be confirmed, despite the inhibitory effects that were clearly expressed in the first two months of growth. Soils containing more than 500 mg Cu/kg−1 are less suitable for growing vine grafts.
Keywords: grapevine grafts, copper accumulation, Cu-oxychloride, Cu-gluconate, 5BB and SO4 rootstocks
Published in DKUM: 08.12.2023; Views: 457; Downloads: 30
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Abstract: V letih 2014, 2015 in 2016 smo proučevali vpliv različnih načinov oskrbe vinogradnih tal (ozelenitev tal, uporaba herbicidov v vrsti in po celotni površini, zastiranje tal s slamo in plitva obdelava tal v primerjavi s kontrolo − travnik) na maso in število deževnikov (m2) in njihovo razporeditev glede na globino tal. V vseh terminih vzorčenja je bilo najmanjše število in masa deževnikov v herbicidnem pasu, največje pa v večini terminov v ozelenjenih in s slamo zastrtih tleh, razen v prvem letu poskusa (9. 8. in 13. 10. 2014), ko je bilo največje število deževnikov pri uporabi herbicida po celotnem medvrstnem prostoru (268/m2, 218/m2) in pri vzorčenju 13. 6. 2015, ko je bila v tem obravnavanju tudi največja masa. Pri uporabi herbicida po celotni površini in pri plitvi obdelavi tal smo ugotovili trend zmanjševanja števila in mase deževnikov, kar kaže na poslabšanje razmer v tleh zaradi manjše količine odmrlih rastlinskih ostankov, ki predstavljajo glavno hrano za deževnike. Najvišja temperatura (v poletnih terminih vzorčenja > 25°C) in najmanjša vsebnost vode (od 8,9 % do 11 %), v zgornjem horizontu tal (0–15 cm) je bila pri plitvi obdelavi tal ter herbicidu po celotni površini in v vrsti, zaradi večje izpostavljenosti tal sončnemu sevanju. Najnižjo temperaturo tal v poletnem obdobju (med 14,5 °C in 20,4 °C) in največjo vsebnost vode (14,1 %) pa smo izmerili pri zastirki.
Keywords: oskrba vinogradnih tal, deževniki, temperatura tal, vsebnost vode v tleh
Published in DKUM: 09.06.2020; Views: 1234; Downloads: 256
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Abstract: V letu 2010 smo na Univerzitetnem centru za vinogradništvo in vinarstvo Meranovo proučevali vpliv foliarnih gnojil Agrovit F in Herbagreen na razvoj in kakovost grozdja pri sorti 'Laški rizling'. Foliarno gnojene trse smo primerjali s kontrolnim obravnavanjem, kjer trsi niso bili foliarno gnojeni. Obe foliarni gnojili sta vplivali na vsebnost sladkorja v groznem soku, a je bila pri Agrovitu vsebnost sladkorja večja za 1,2 ˚Oe, pri Herbagreenu pa za 2 ˚Oe v primerjavi s kontrolo. Tudi masa stotih jagod je bila večja, in sicer od 20 do 30 g v primerjavi s kontrolo. V intenzivnosti zelene barve listov (p ≤ 0,05) ni bilo signifikantnih razlik. Tudi pri ostalih parametrih nismo ugotovili statistično značilnih razlik.
Keywords: vinska trta, foliarno gnojenje, pridelek, 'laški rizling'
Published in DKUM: 21.09.2017; Views: 1362; Downloads: 105
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