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Abstract: Povezanost med ljudmi in živalmi ima velik pomen. Ljubezen do njih se izraža že v zgodnjem otroštvu. V mnogih primerih otrok od rojstva odrašča z živaljo. Že v samih vrtcih so živali vključene v razne programe in neredko se zgodi, da otroke živali obiščejo v skupini ali pa živali skupina obišče v njihovih življenjskih prebivališčih. Namen našega diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, ali je jahalni program v predlagani obliki primeren za predšolske otroke in koliko pripomore k razvoju otrokovih gibalnih sposobnosti, kot sta v našem primeru ravnotežje in koordinacija. Glavni cilji diplomskega dela so bili ugotoviti, v kolikšni meri jahalni program pripomore k razvoju gibalnih sposobnosti predšolskih otrok in ugotoviti, v kolikšni meri otroci že poznajo konja in osnove jahanja. Tekom opravljanja raziskave za diplomsko delo smo preverili tudi nekaj vaj, in sicer kako lahko izboljšamo ravnotežje in koordinacijo z vajami na konju, ki pripomorejo h gibalnemu razvoju predšolskega otroka. Opredelili smo tudi sam potek učenja jahanja mlajših otrok in posamezne faze, ki jih mora poznati vsak jahač oziroma učitelj jahanja. Sam potek vaj in faze se med seboj dopolnjujejo, tako da lahko otrok postopoma napreduje, ne da bi bila kakšna vaja prezahtevna oziroma prelahka, saj bi s tem lahko dosegli slabši rezultat. S pridobivanjem podatkov ob opazovanju otrok smo prišli do zaključka, da otroci postopoma z vajami in vztrajnostjo napredujejo in izboljšujejo gibalne sposobnosti, vendar za to potrebujejo več časa, saj v obdobju enega tedna ne pokažejo velikega napredka. Potrebno je tudi upoštevati, da sama teorija o pristopu h konju in delu s konjem ni takšna, kot je opisana, ker je potrebno upoštevati tudi otroka in njegov interes, njegov pristop in samo sprejemanje "velike živali", ki stoji pred njim. Marsikdo ima veliko željo, da bi imel nekega dne stik s konjem, a ima vendarle pomisleke, ko pride do tega, saj se sprašuje, kaj vse se lahko zgodi in si ne upa konja niti pobožati. Vendar, če pri tem uporabljamo primeren pristop, lahko željo v človeku oz. otroku spodbudimo in mu pomagamo prebroditi strah, ki ga tisti trenutek obdaja oz. doživlja. Za učenje jahanja mlajših otrok moramo vsekakor izhajati iz otrokove razvojne stopnje in morfoloških značilnosti, upoštevati moramo otrokove že usvojene gibalne sposobnosti in obenem vključiti v proces način učenja tako konja kot tudi otroka, saj se med seboj razlikujejo glede dojemljivosti gibalnih nalog.
Keywords: konj, predšolski otrok, pomen jahanja, razvoj gibalnih sposobnosti
Published in DKUM: 21.02.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 14
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Abstract: V zaključnem delu je opisano teoretično ozadje delovanja močnostnega ojačevalnika in načini, s katerimi izboljšamo njegovo prenosno karakteristiko. Predstavljeni so celoten postopek načrtovanja, vključno z močnostnim ojačevalnikom, predojačevalnikom in napajalnikom ter izvedene simulacije in meritve, s katerimi ovrednotimo izdelano vezje. Pri izdelavi močnostnega ojačevalnika v razredu AB smo uporabili izključno diskretne komponente, medtem ko so pri predojačevalniku vključena tudi integrirana vezja. Poleg tega je predstavljena izvedba termične regulacije, ki je ključnega pomena za preprečitev termičnega pobega in za zagotavljanje stabilnega delovanja vezja.
Keywords: močnostni ojačevalnik, negativna povratna vezava, BJT tranzistor, operacijski ojačevalnik, termična regulacija, razred AB
Published in DKUM: 23.12.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 47
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Abstract: Background: Air pollution with increased concentrations of fine (< 2.5 μm) particulate matter (PM2.5) increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Even short-term increase of PM2.5 may help trigger ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and heart failure (HF) in susceptible individuals, even in areas with good air quality. Purpose: To evaluate the role of PM2.5 levels ≥ 20 μg/m3 in admission acute HF in STEMI patients. Materials and Methods: In 290 STEMI patients with the leading reperfusion strategy primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), we retrospectively studied independent predictors of admission acute HF and included admission demographic and clinical data as well as ambient PM2.5 levels ≥ 20 μg/m3. We defined admission acute HF in STEMI patients as classes II–IV by Killip Kimball classification. Results: Acute admission HF was observed in 34.5% of STEMI patients. PPCI was performed in 87.1% of acute admission HF patients and in 94.7% non-HF patients (p= 0.037). Significant independent predictors of acute admission HF were prior diabetes (OR 2.440, 95% CI 1.100 to 5.400, p=0.028), admission LBBB (OR 10.190, 95% CI 1.160 to 89.360, p=0.036), prior resuscitation (OR 2.530, 95% CI 1.010 to 6.340, p=0.048), admission troponin I≥ 5μg/l (OR 3.390, 95% CI 1.740 to 6.620, p< 0.001), admission eGFR levels (0.61, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.72, p < 0.001), and levels of PM2.5 ≥ 20 μg/m3 (OR 2.140, 95% CI 1.005 to 4.560, p=0.049) one day before admission. Conclusion: Temporary short-term increase in PM2.5 levels (≥ 20 μg/m3) one day prior to admission in an area with mainly good air quality was among significant independent predictors of acute admission HF in STEMI patients.
Keywords: admission acute heart failure, ST-elevation myocardial infarction, air pollution, PM2.5
Published in DKUM: 14.10.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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Abstract: The monograph titled "Interdisciplinary Research in Teaching and Learning: New Perspectives and Approaches," brings together 35 original scientific articles that explore the multifaceted dimensions of education. The contributions span a wide range of topics including innovative teaching methodologies, the integration of technology in learning, competency development, and educational psychology. Each article provides a unique perspective on how interdisciplinary approaches can enhance educational practices and outcomes. The collection aims to bridge theoretical insights with practical applications, offering valuable information for educators, policymakers, and researchers. By addressing contemporary challenges and proposing solutions, this monograph serves as a comprehensive resource for those seeking to understand and improve the complex landscape of modern education. The diverse viewpoints and rigorous research presented herein underscore the importance of collaborative efforts in advancing teaching and learning across various educational contexts.
Keywords: curriculum development, teaching strategies, educational technology, competency development, cognitive development
Published in DKUM: 18.09.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 64
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Abstract: This cross-sectional study was designed to analyse the differences between the subject-specific competences of Slovenian and Italian physical education (PE) teachers. The participants, 669 Slovenian and 484 Italian PE teachers, evaluated their professional competences with a self-administered questionnaire on a four-level Likert scale. A t-test for independent samples indicates differences in the self-evaluations of the majority of subject-specific competences between both groups. However, in almost all items, Slovenian PE teachers evaluate their competences higher. A multivariate analysis of variance, used to identify the role of some socio-demographic factors (state, gender, years of service), shows that the state has the highest impact on the differences between self-efficiency of both groups (p<0.001, Eta2=0.531). The greatest differences (Cohen's d > 0.8) are observed on those competences that relate to some of the narrower aspects of PE didactics. The reasons for the perceived differences can be found in some historical and social events, length of education, the different orientation of PE teacher education programmes, and the different responses of both countries to educational policies. The present study outcomes may aid in updating initial PE teacher training and designing a creative system of continuous professional development.
Keywords: physical education, educators, self-efficiency, cross-cultural study
Published in DKUM: 04.09.2024; Views: 41; Downloads: 5
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